我对中国华德福教育的思考之一——天赋理性的孩子适合华德福吗？

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原文地址：我对中国华德福教育的思考之一——天赋理性的孩子适合华德福吗？作者：胡萍老师
    在写下这篇博客之前，我一直有些犹豫：在诸侯混战的幼教界，是否要把自己搅进这滩浑水中？一直告诫自己做好份内的事情，不要去“惹是生非”。几年来我到全国各地的讲座中，总会遇到家长们与我探讨华德福教育，最近几次与家长的接触，让我觉得应该把自己的观点写出来。或许会惹事，如果惹事后能够让被困扰的家长从更多的角度来思考这个教育，何尝不是一件有益的事情呢？何况，又能够有多大的事情呢？！于是，决定豁出去了。
    06年与李跃儿相识后，“华德福”“蒙台梭利”“瑞吉欧”等幼教界流行的教育名词开始进入我的耳朵，当时我一门心思在我的儿童性心理和性教育研究上，没有想到要去研究幼儿教育，也就没有想过要去了解这些词汇后面所代表的教育模式和流派，所以，对于这些词汇左边耳朵进，右边耳朵就出了。
    07年的冬天，有一次在北京芭学园研究儿童性心理期间，李跃儿说要去昭陵的农家院住几天，专门攻读史丹纳的一本书，然后就离开家，一个人住到了偏僻的昭陵农家院里。整整攻读了一周后，给我打电话，说她有了一些领悟，要与我分享。我向往着昭陵雪景和农家院好吃的饭菜，和胡子兴致勃勃的去了。当时心想：这个史丹纳是个什么人啊？写了点什么啊？看那个书薄薄的一点，将就着听李跃儿的见解吧。后来才知道这本书是关于人智学的。
    到了昭陵，一片美丽雪景唤起了我的小资感觉，我们走在寒冷的旷野里，李跃儿却热情满满，和我讲解人智学理论，讲解史丹纳的理想以及现实与理想的挣扎，当时的我被她的激情感染着，享受雪地里的寒冷与她激情的交融的同时，内心对她的分享排斥着：人智学与史丹纳与我没有什么关系呢，此情此景中，我更愿意我们的谈话能够与雪、与梅花、与擦在我们脸上的树枝有关。不忍心扫李跃儿的兴致，憋了一周的她此刻正滔滔不绝，我附和着，心却不在。现在才明白，和李跃儿相识后的每一次谈话，她都在“勾引”我进入教育领域，现在才知道，当初她一股脑儿地倒给我的人智学和史丹纳，成为我后来思考华德福教育的起点。后来听过她关于人智学的一次讲座，的确讲得很透，她不是照本宣科，而是结合了儿童心理发展规律后有了自己的思考和见地。这与我听过的其它人讲华德福有本质的区别，在听过的几次国人关于华德福的讲座中，至始至终都是这样的模式：“史丹纳说……”“史丹纳又说……”“史丹纳还说……”“史丹纳曾经说……”整个讲座中讲者没有自己的观点和见解，也没有将儿童心理发展与华德福教育的结合，只有对史丹纳100年前的东西照搬照抄。
    在李跃儿芭学园呆久了，自然就对华德福、蒙氏等感起兴趣来，于是，开始买相关的书来看，同时与李跃儿讨论。李跃儿认真研读了发展心理学，并通过追踪观察和拍摄了三个孩子来研究发展心理学，时间长达几年，所以，李跃儿有厚实的儿童发展心理学基础，在这样的基础上做幼儿教育，让芭学园的孩子得到了很好的帮助。当时的芭学园教育我非常认同，李跃儿将儿童心理发展规律作为帮助孩子的基础，教室里有华德福的一些东西，也有蒙氏的东西，还有与现实生活结合的东西，教学过程中李跃儿还带领老师进行生成课程，这与瑞吉欧的理念和方法相似，这种以儿童心理发展为基础，融合各家教育所长的教育，正是西方现代主流教育的基础。
    08年，芭学园开始实施华德福教育，美国来的园长将蒙氏工作教具以及与现实生活结合的工作区全部撤离教室，教室里原本丰富的工作区和工作材料变得少了许多，连积木都被撤离了。代之以起的是羊毛、毛线、没有眼睛鼻子的布娃娃……老师们不是缝衣服就是织毛线。这让我变得很不理解，芭学园里那些曾经让我心动的感觉消失了。因为没有深入了解过华德福，所以也不敢妄加评论，只是提出疑问后，李跃儿说：“你不懂，华德福很深奥”，我也的确不懂，当时我的精力都放在儿童性心理的研究上了。
    但我还是在思考：我不懂深奥的华德福，但我懂自己的儿子吧。儿子天生对数理逻辑感兴趣，他喜欢搭建变幻莫测的积木，能把积木变出各种动物和建筑，他喜欢思考，对自然科学充满了兴趣，从小就喜欢读《十万个为什么》，从人体知识到天文地理，反复多次地让我给他念《十万个为什么》，他不喜欢童话和寓言，3岁时就告诉我那些童话是假的，当时听到他对童话那么理性的判断我都差点晕倒，我还指望着用童话培养他的想像力啊！上天赋予了儿子理性思考的天赋，而非感性的大脑，如果我的儿子来到此时的芭学园，他的长处能够获得发展吗？答案是“不能够”。在这样的幼儿园里，我的儿子没有积木，不能够讨论科学，更不能够谈论人体的骨骼，也没有他非常感兴趣的数理课堂，他在这里一定会痛苦，因为儿童的内在发展需要如果得不到满足，内心就会焦虑和痛苦，脾气就会变得暴躁不安，而他却无法向我们述说他的痛苦来自何处，我不可以这样对待儿子。
    或许，那些羊毛、娃娃、充满情感的故事会对他的感性发展起到一定的弥补作用，然而，上天给他的理性长处却在长达3~4年的幼儿园生活中被耽误着发展，我的理念是扬长教育，而不是补短教育，我更重视孩子的长处是否有成长的环境。由此，我断定这类幼儿园不适合我的孩子。在人群中，一定有与我儿子具备同样理性天赋的孩子，他们如果来到这种结构的幼儿园，天赋的发展必然受挫。把我这样的想法与李跃儿交流之后，我更加坚定了我的看法。

教师之友网

原文地址：全球华德福教育网上资源作者：宁远
WALDORF EDUCATION RESOURCES ON THE INTERNET
全球华德福教育网上资源
Waldorf School Associations in English speaking countries
英语国家的华德福教育组织
- Association of Waldorf Schools in North America (AWSNA)
- Association of Steiner Waldorf Schools in the UK and Ireland
- Rudolf Steiner Schools of Australia, an Association
- Southern African Federation of Waldorf Schools
- Waldorf School Association of Ontario
Other Waldorf School Associations and School Directories
其他语种地区的华德福教育组织及学校
- European Council of Steiner Waldorf Education (ECSWE)
- Austrian Association of Waldorf Schools (Österreichische Vereinigung freier Bildungsstätten)
- Danish Association of Waldorf Schools (Sammenslutningen af Rudolf Steiner Skoler i Danmark)
- German Association of Waldorf Schools (Bund der Freien Waldorfschulen)
- Italian Association of Waldorf Schools (Federazione delle Scuole Rudolf Steiner in Italia)
- Netherlands Association of Waldorf Schools (Bond van Vrije Scholen)
- Norwegian Association of Waldorf Schools (Steinerskolene i Norge)
- Rudolf Steiner Schools in Australia
- Swedish Association of Waldorf Schools (Svenska Waldorfskolefederationen)
- Waldorf Education Directory for Latin America
General Waldorf resources
普通华德福教育资源
- What is Waldorf education? (Pine Hill Waldorf School)
- Frequently Asked Questions (Waldorf School of Saratoga Springs)
- Frequently Asked Questions (Richmond Waldorf School)
- Research Institute for Waldorf Education
- Americans for Waldorf Education (AWE)
- The site of "Bob and Nancy"
- Waldorf Resources (reading room)
- Waldorf World
- Waldorf Library
- Waldorf Answers
- Millennial Child
Waldorf homeschooling resources
华德福家庭教育资源
- Waldorf Homeschoolers
- Christopherus Homeschool Resources
- Waldorf Without Walls
- Wonder Ranch
Other Waldorf resources
其他华德福教育资源
- Friends of Waldorf Education
- Waldorf Early Childhood Association of North America
- Waldorf related articles in the media
- Waldorf and Waldorf related mailing lists
- Waldorf net (mainly in German)
Literature on Waldorf education
华德福教育图书资料
- Amazon.com (U.S.)
- Floris Books (U.K.)
- Michaelmas Press (U.S.)
- SteinerBooks (U.S.) (See sections on Waldorf education)
- Rudolf Steiner Press (U.K.)
- Rudolf Steiner's complete Foundations of Waldorf Education
  Online for free download
Articles on Waldorf education
华德福教育文章
- Schooling the Imagination by Todd Oppenheimer
Waldorf related resources
与华德福教育相关的资源: 特殊教育,优柔思美,基金会,华徳福教具玩具等
- Alliance for Childhood (U.S.)
- Alliance for Childhood (U.K.)
- Camphill Association of America
- Eurythmy Spring Valley
- Frequently Asked Questions on Eurythmy
- Famous ex-Waldorf Pupils
- Rudolf Steiner Foundation
- Rudolf Steiner Archive
- The Hiram Trust
- The Waldorf Market
- Mercurius Waldorf school supplies
- The WaldorfShop Network
- Waldorf Toys
- Waldorf House Exchange
- On Philosophy of Science, Goetheanism,
  Waldorf education and anthroposophy
Waldorf schools with home pages in North America (August 2005)
- The Rudolf Steiner School - High School, New York,
  (the first Waldorf school in the US, that opened in 1928)
- The Redmont School, Alabama
- The Aurora Waldorf school of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska
- The Desert Marigold, Phoenix, Arizona
- The Enchanted Deasert School, Tuscon, Arizona
- The Terra Rosa Charter School, Sedona, Arizona
- The Camelia Waldorf School, Sacramento, California
- The Cedar Springs Waldorf School, Placerville, California
- The Davis Waldorf School, California
- The East Bay Waldorf School - High School,
   El Sobrante, California
  (recommended by the UC Berkeley Parents Network)
- The Highland Hall Waldorf School - High School,
   Northridge, California
- The Live Oak Waldorf School, Meadow Vista, California
- The Marin Waldorf School, San Rafael, California
- The Monterey Bay Charter School, California
- The Pasadena Waldorf School, Altadena, California
- The Sacramento Waldorf School - High School,
   Fair Oaks, California
- The San Francisco Waldorf School - High Schol, California
- The Santa Cruz Waldorf School, California
- The Sierra Waldorf School, Jamestown, California
- The Summerfield Waldorf School - High School,
  Santa Rosa, California
- The Waldorf School of San Diego, California
- The Waldorf School of Santa Barbara, California
- The Waldorf School of Orange County, California
- The Waldorf School of the Peninsula, Los Altos, California
- The Westside Waldorf School, Santa Monica, California
- The Willow Wood Waldorf School, Sebastopol, California
- The Denver Waldorf School - High School, Colorado
- The River Song Waldorf School, Fort Collins, Colorado
- The Shepherd Valley Waldorf School, Niwot, Colorado
- The Shining Mountain Waldorf School - High School,
   Boulder, Colorado
- The Housatonic Valley School, Newtown, Connecticut
- The Linden Hill School, Wilton, Connecticut
- The Suncoast Waldorf School, Clearwater, Florida
- The Waldorf School of Atlanta, Georgia
- The Honolulu Waldorf School, Honolulu, Hawaii
- The Malamalama Waldorf School, Keaau, Hawaii
- The Sandpoint Waldorf School, Idaho
- The Chicago Waldorf School - High School, Illinois
- The Great Oaks School, Evanston, Illinois
- The Tidewater School, Elliot, Maine
- Parents for Waldorf Education, Annapolis, Maryland
- The Washington Waldorf School - High School, Maryland
- The Cape Ann Waldorf School, Beverly Farms, Massachusetts
- The Great Barrington Rudolf Steiner School, Massachusetts
- The Hartsbrook School, Hadley, Massachusetts
- The Waldorf School in Lexington - High School, Massachusetts
- The Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Bourne, Massachusetts
- The Detroit Waldorf School, Michigan
- The Minnesota Waldorf School, Mapelwood, Minnesota
- The Twin Cities Area Waldorf Schools, Minnesota
- The Watershed High School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- The Shining Rivers School, St. Louis, Missouri
- The High Mowing School - High School, Wilton, New Hampshire
- The Pine Hill Waldorf School, Wilton, New Hampshire
- The Waldorf School of Princeton, New Jersey
- The Aurora Waldorf School, West Falls, New York
- The Green Meadow Waldorf School - High School,
   Chestnut Ridge, New York
- The Hawthorne Valley School - High School, Ghent, New York
- The Northern Lights Waldorf School, Wilmington, New York
- The Sunbridge College, Spring Valley, New York
- The Waldorf School of Garden City - High School, New York
- The Waldorf School of Saratoga Springs - High School,
   New York,
- The Waldorf School of the Finger Lakes, Ithaca, New York
- The Emerson Waldorf School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- The Cincinnati Waldorf School, Ohio
- The Spring Garden Waldorf School, Copely, Ohio
- The Cedarwood School, Portland, Oregon
- The Corvallis Waldorf School, Oregon
- The Eugene Waldorf School, Oregon
- The Portland Waldorf School - High School, Oregon
- The Shining Star School, NE Portland, Oregon
- The Swallowtail School, Hillsboro, Oregon
- The Kimberton Waldorf School - High School,
   Pennsylvania (founded 1941)
- The Waldorf School of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- The Philadelphia Children's School, Pennsylvania
- The River Valley School, Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania
- The Susquehanna Waldorf School, Marietta, Pennsylvania
- The Meadowbrook Waldorf School, W Greenwich, Rhode Island
- The Potter Hill School, Kingston, Rhode Island
- The Linden Corner School, Nashville, Tennessee
- The Austin Waldorf School - High School, Texas
- The Green Mountain Waldorf School, Wolcott, Vermont
- The Upper Valley Waldorf School, Quechee, Vermont
- The Crossroads Waldorf School, Crozet, Virginia
- The Bright Water School, Seattle, Washington
- The Spring Meadow Waldorf School, Richmond, Virginia
- The Bright Water School, Seattle, Washington
- The Hazel Wolf High School, Seattle, Washington
- The Madrona Waldorf School, Bainbridge Island, Washington
- The Olympia Waldorf School, East Olympia, Washington
- The Seattle Waldorf School, Washington
- The Three Cedars School, Bellevue, Washington
- The Whatcom Hills Waldorf School, Bellingham, Washington
- The Whidbey Island Waldorf School, Clinton, Washington
- The Washington Waldorf School, Washington DC
- The Pleasant Ridge Waldorf School, Viroqua, Wisconsin
- The Tamarack Community School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- The Three Rivers School, La Crosse, Wisconsin
- The Urban Waldorf School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- The Youth Initiative High School, Viroqua, Wisconsin
For all schools affiliated with the Association of Waldorf Schools in North America, AWSNA, see info on schools in the United States, Canada and Mexico. See also here. For more on the Waldorf schools in the U.S. that have their own High Schools, but lack home page, see here. For some of the 870 Waldorf schools around the world, see the Waldorf World. See also here. For a complete list of Waldorf schools worldwide, see here.
Waldorf teacher education in North America
- Antioch New England Graduate School
  40 Avon Street, Keene, New Hampshire 03431, 800.531.9540, email
- Arcturus Rudolf Steiner Education Program
  6531 North Lakewood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60626, 773.751.3026, email
- Bay Area Center For Waldorf Teacher Training
  P.O. Box 2228, Sausalito, California 94966, 415.332.2133, email
- Great Lakes Teacher Training
  1150 East Brady Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin , 262.524.2124, email
- Rudolf Steiner Centre Toronto
  9100 Bathurst Street #4, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L4J 8C7, 905.764.7570, email
- Rudolf Steiner College
  9200 Fair Oaks Boulevard, Fair Oaks, California 95628, 916.961.8727, email
- San Francisco and Los Altos Teacher Education
  San Francisco Waldorf School, 2938 Washington Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, 800.515.8203
  Waldorf School of the Peninsula, 11311 Mora Drive, Los Altos, CA  94024, 650.948.8433
- Sound Circle Center for Arts and Anthroposophy
  9836 43rd Place NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, 206.926.9199, email
- Sunbridge College
  285 Hungry Hollow Road, Spring Valley, New York 10977, 845.425.0055, email
- Waldorf High School Teacher Education Program
  P.O.Box 545, Wilton, New Hampshire 03086, 603.654.2566, email
- Waldorf Institute of Southern California
  17100 Superior Street, Northridge, California 91325, 877.394.1444, email
- Waldorf Teacher Training - Eugene
  1350 McLean Boulevard, Eugene, Oregon 97405, 541.683.6951, email
For more, see the section on Waldorf teacher training at the site of Waldorf World.
Waldorf teacher education and adult education in Europe
- Emerson College, Sussex, England
- European Masters Programme for Steiner Waldorf Educators
- Greenwich University, England
- Hogeschool Helicon, Netherlands
- Lehrerseminar für Waldorfpädagogik Kassel, Germany
- Plymouth University, England
- Rudolf Steinerhögskolan, Sweden
- Seminar für Waldorfpädagogik Berlin, Germany
- Seminar für Waldorfpädagogik Hamburg, Germany
- Seminar für Waldorfpädagogik Stuttgart, Germany
- Snellman Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Waldorflehrerseminar, Kiel, Germany
Waldorf teacher education in Australia and New Zeeland
- Parsifal College, Sydney, Australia
- Taruna College, New Zeeland
Some pages on Waldorf education outside the U.S.
- Quality assurance in European Steiner schools
- The Waldorf School Movement in South Africa
- El Trigal, a Waldorf School in Cordoba, Argentine.
- Waldorf education in Japan. An Interview with Michiko Koyasu,
   Professor of Germanics at Waseda University in Tokyo.