这种崇尚理趣的艺术追求对凝炼沉潜、以理为主的宋诗产生了深远的影响。我们知道中唐“哲学的突破”,主要表现为三教重新被反省与宇宙本质、人的生命意义、历史文化的重新探讨等主题。可是这一突破在中唐并未完成,因为当时的知识阶层在宦官、贵族、藩镇的夹击下流离殒灭,无法构成政治文化上的中心势力,而会昌灭佛又摧毁了突破所依据的部分思想基础。因而真正的突破是由宋初知识分子来完成的——知识阶层的兴起、建立新秩序的要求、传统文化的肯定等,都与贞元、元和情况相似,反省回眸之际特有会心。从宋初的以贾岛为典范到法李商隐的西昆体的出现,再到欧、梅推尊韩、李不谈老杜,再到王安石的推杜抑李,最后老杜定于一尊,宋诗改革正式完成。可是,宋诗虽尊杜甫为“祖”,却往往是通过中晚唐诗人而学之的,已初露尚理尚意倾向的中晚唐诗有助于宋诗特点的形成:它外示枯槁,无风云月露之点缀;它力涉理路,借言论道——呈现出主意主理的创作型态与知性反省的时代精神。当然,宋诗自有它自己的特点,但不可忽视的是:中晚唐出现的茶诗一味、茶诗一理不仅为彼一时代的诗人体悟人生真谛提供了一个易得的法门,而且直接启迪了宋诗。
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On the Relationship between Tea and Poetry in the Middle and late Tang Dynasty
ZHAO Rui cai ZHANG Zhong gang
(Academy of literature,History and Philosophy,Shangong University,Jinan)
Abstract:Just as the fashion of sot had an influence on the formation of the untremmelled pattern of portry in the grand Tang Dynasty,the fashion of tea liking had a deep influence on the middle and late Tang Dynasty to change the pattern of poetry of the grand Tang Dynasty and to form its own feature and meaning.When we make a study of the poetry of the middle and late Tang Dynasty in perspective of the fashion of tea liking,we way discover not only its different pattem from that of the grand Tang Dynasty,but also the immediate origin of the poetry of the Song Dynasty which advocating Li and stressing meaning.
Key words:Fashion of tea liking;Qing;Meaning;Advocating Li